Our hair, as derivative of the skin, has a fairly complex multilayer structure, each component of which is important to maintain the health, strength and appearance of all hair.And each component of the global structure can be damaged for certain reasons, which leads to completely different violations.
Our hair, as derivative of the skin, has a fairly complex multilayer structure, each component of which is important to maintain the health, strength and appearance of all hair.And each component of the general structure can be damaged due to certain reasons, which leads to completely different violations.Therefore, fighting these disorders and restoring the structure of damaged hair should also be different.
What is the hair made of?
To start, I must say that all the hair can be divided into two parts: 1. external, long, which is in sight and is called hair rod.2. The interior, very small, which is located in the skin layer of the skin and is a root of hair.
The most significant difference between these two parts of the hair is that its rod consists completely of Kératinized cells (that is to say keratinized).And the living cells that can develop and multiply are only located in the root, in a hair bulb.It is there that they, sharing the activity phase, lengthen hair hair, as if they "build" it from below.
This fact follows a very important consequence: if the structure of the hair rod is damaged, all cosmetics with a nutritious effect will be useless.After all, there is nothing to feed in the rod, because it consists of dead cells with which all these "miraculous restoration components" of shampoos, masks and other things simply cannot interact.Another thing is that such cosmetics will undoubtedly have a beneficial effect on the roots of the hair, which additional nutrition will not interfere.
On this small example, it becomes obvious that to choose the good means that restore the hair structure, you must first determine which part of their component is damaged.
The exterior hair shell
It is also called cuticle.It consists of many small flattened cells, which normally overlap with an edge, resembling a coating of roof tiles or a scales.The main function of the cuticle is protective.Its keratin scales, closely adjusting to each other, prevent the loss of humidity with the interior layers of the hair rod, which allows it to remain flexible and durable over its entire length.
In addition, the cuticle cells are covered with fatty fat, which fall from the sebaceous gland located next to the hair onion.This fatty skin secret is necessary not to give keratin scales to move away from each other, that is to say, in fact, it plays the role of glue.Its second function is the creation of a thin lipid layer on the surface of the hair rod.This layer offers hair a certain protection against pollution, aggressive chemical impurities in the atmosphere, the differences in sharp temperature and other unfavorable environmental factors.Finally, the fat lubricant includes a number of compounds with an antiseptic effect, which confronts the damage to hair with pathogenic microorganisms.
Damage to the cuticle manifests itself mainly by the fact that these keratinized cells are dissolved and revealed similar to the way in which mature pine is revealed.This immediately causes increased humidity loss of the interior layers of the hair rod.In addition, they become open to the negative effects of various chemical and physical agents.The first visible symptoms of such damage are:
- Increase in brittle hair;
- their study;
- an increase in sensitivity to static electricity;
The intermediate layer of the hair
Below the external hair covering is a cortex.It is the name of the keratinized fabric, which is built from dead cells of an oblong shape.Their main function is the formation of the frame, which ensures the strength and elasticity of the hair rod.In addition, it is in the cells of the cortex layer that a melanin is contained - a pigment that gives hair color.It also enters the cortex into the hair follicle and the greater its concentration, the more dark the shade of your hairstyle.
Damage to the shell in the middle of the hair almost always occur after destroying it from its external protection - the cuticle.First of all, violations of the structure of the cortex will be associated with the loss of humidity - the hair becomes dry and strongly loses its strength.And the demonstration visible to this will be well known and quite hated by all :) The secondary ends.What is usual to call this term is only a cortex, which, after losing the external protective shell, has dried and turned into two or more parts in longitudinal direction.
In addition, the particles of a dye that modify the color of the hair during the paint are also integrated into this layer of the rod.To do this, by chemical interactions, they raise cells from the protective layer of the cuticle.And here there is a stick on the two tests:
- On the one hand, the artificial pigment is much washed from the damaged cortex much faster, which makes a woman more and more often resorting to the services of a hairdresser in the cabin;
- On the other hand, such cosmetic effects on the hairstyle themselves do not pass without trace and the question of how to restore the structure of the hair after dyeing, whitening, lightning and chemistry at home is devoted to many research, as well as articles on our website.
The interior of the hair
The deepest central part of the hair rod structure is the cerebral substance if called.It is built in dead keratin cells, but, unlike the cortex and cuticle, these cells are quite soft and have an irregular polygonal shape.There are also a large number of air cavities in the brain substance.
The functional goal of the central part of the stem always causes discussions in the scientific community.It is believed that air in these pockets plays the role of the insulator, helping to maintain a constant temperature on the scalp.In addition, some trichologists suggest that a number of compounds are able to spread depending on the brain substance of the skin at the ends of the sticks.This explains the rapid deterioration of the appearance of hair, for example, with certain types of poisoning.
What if the cortex has already been damaged?
In the structure of the hair rod, this layer has a maximum thickness, you can even say that the hair consists mainly of Cortex.Therefore, if the damage has been went so far, it will not be possible to take particularly effective measures.A temporary solution to restore the hair structure - silicone -based products described above.Unfortunately, their effect will be even shorter than in the case of exfoliated cuticle scales.Yes, they will be able to stick the split ends, but due to the strength, the elasticity and the oblong form of the cells that make up the cortex, such a "collage" will not last long.
The best option would be a decisive change in hairstyle in one shorter.You are therefore guaranteed to get rid of the endings of the split hair and start to cultivate calmly, healthier and intact.In this case, special attention should be paid to high quality humidity and nutrition of hair roots.
What if the brain substance is damaged?
In this case, most likely, there is simply nothing to restore.If damage to hair rod reached the canal of the central brain, its nucleus, then the hair is almost guaranteed to be broken.Therefore, here, the most reasonable approach will get rid of it by cutting.
By the way, for the haircut, it will be very correct to contact the living room at the professional hairdresser.It can shorten your hairstyle with special scissors with blades that heat and keep stable temperatures during operation.Such a technique allows you to maintain the structure as well as intact, closer to the root, part of the hair rod as well as possible.The warm metal of the blades, so to speak, "seals" the cuticle on the cut, which considerably reduces the loss of humidity with the cortex and the probability of detachment of the external keratinized cells in the cutting zone.
The interior of the hair structure is the root of the hair
The hair root is surrounded by a capsule, which includes a thin blood vessel, providing them in oxygen and nutrients.All this education in the complex is called hair onion or hair follicle.In addition, muscle fiber, as well as the sebaceous gland, which the conduit opens onto the bulb in front of its mouth, play it.It should always be kept in mind that damage to hair structure is rarely so selective that they only affect the stem, leaving the roots completely unchanged.Therefore, regeneration must be complex - only in this case, the most positive results can be obtained.
In addition, cosmetologists argue that with such procedures, it is precisely the effects of hair follicles that should have the most attention.And the choice, for example, how to restore the structure of dry hair, hydration and nutrition of bulbs must have more time than attempts to restore liquid balance in stems.The logic of these tips is simple: the outer part of the hair is dead cells and how does not feed it with humidity, with the external layer damaged for a long time, they will still not keep it.But the roots are a living fabric which is responsible for the formation of a completely healthy new stem, draining it simultaneously with a sufficient amount of water.
What can damage the structure of the hair follicle?
- Deficiency in vitamins and / or trace elements.First of all, they are vitamins such as, A (retinol), B1 (thiamine), B7 (biotin), C (ascorbic acid) and K (phyllokhinon).And micro-elements, calcium, copper, zinc, selenium and silicon deficiency is particularly dangerous.
- Moisture deficiency.Water falls into our skin later than all other organs.Consequently, if it suddenly lacks, then first, the skin and hair will suffer, like its derivative.
- Diet disorders.This includes an excess of fried, fatty and spicy, sweet and flour food.Saars of hair follicles, dairy products, nuts, legumes, vegetables, fruits, food meat and fish will help support the health of hair follicles.
- Crust errors.Here you can list many violations caused by poor coloring and heat laying that damages combing and a number of cosmetic procedures.
- Bad habits, chronic psycho-emotional stress, sleep and awakening violations.
- Anemia, parasitic infections, diseases of the digestive system, internal secretion glands, reproductive organs and other chronic pathologies.
- Lower temperatures in winter, aggressive ultraviolet radiation, heat and dry wind in summer, chemicals in the atmosphere of industrial megaps and other negative environmental factors.
Professional cosmetics
This mainly includes shampoos, which must be selected in accordance with your hair type.They should include specialized care components such as aromatic oils, softening substances (lanoline, panthenol), etc.should use "professional moisturizers" - spraying, serums, liquids and other oils for nutrition and hydration will also be effective, but they are not recommended too often.Even less often (no more than once a week), thick active masks should be applied to the roots of the hair - their components have such an intense effect than with excessive use, they can even worsen the condition of the hairstyle.
Home methods
These cosmetics are generally not as effective as professional, but it costs much less, and you can cook it yourself at any time.These tools mainly include various domestic masks, as well as decoctions of medicinal plants.
Pharmacological drugs
When restoring the structure of hair roots, drugs that improve blood circulation in the follicle will help:
- peripheral blood flow stimulants;
- antispasmodic (nitrites and nitrates, derivatives of isokhinoline, purine and gasimidazole, complex carbon acid esters, etc.);
- Vasodilators (first of all - Minoxidil, as the most positively proven drug in trichological practice).
Physiotherapeutic methods
Among these, the most effective are:
- acupuncture;
- Ultraviolette irradiation;
- electrodermatimulation;
- Scalp massage.
Material techniques
It is a fairly new orientation in the science of beauty, which is actively used today in professional salons and cosmetic clinics, because it requires costly high technology equipment.These methods include:
- The laser influences where hair growth stimulates coherent light radiation;
- plasmotherapy - injections in the scalp of the patient's blood himself, enriched with platelets;
- Mesotherapy - subcutaneous administration of “cocktails” from biologically active substances;
- Ozonotherapy - Local oxygen supply in the form of injections;
- Cryomassage is a cold effect that causes reflex strengthening of blood circulation in the skin.